Academic Papers API & Scraper
The Academic Papers API returns scholarly-paper search and metadata as clean JSON.
12 actionsLive JSON1,000 free credits$0.67–$1.50 / 1,000 creditsMCP-ready
🤖 Using an AI assistant? Copy this link into ChatGPT / Claude / Cursor — it reads every endpoint and parameter instantly and tells you if this API fits your use case.
The primary search endpoint returns papers with title, DOI, authors, venue, year, citation count, abstract and open-access PDF from merged sources, and you can pull a paper_detail, citations, references, related papers, an author, an institution, a venue and a concept. It is built for research tools, literature reviews and academic apps that need scholarly data without juggling multiple APIs. One ReefAPI key, one shared credit pool, the standard { ok, data, meta, error } envelope.
Reference
Identifiers, sources and the values each one really returns
Three backends sit behind this engine and they do not share an id scheme, a record granularity or a notion of what counts as a paper. Everything below came from live calls, mostly on the AlphaFold paper (OpenAlex W3177828909, DOI 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2) and a 40-row CRISPR search.
| Input or field | Measured value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| id on paper_detail, citations, references | W3177828909, 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2, pmid:34265844 | OpenAlex W id, DOI, prefixed PMID or arXiv id. All three of those returned the same AlphaFold record |
| a bare PubMed number | 34265844 | rejected with NOT_FOUND. The pmid: prefix is required. arXiv ids keep their arXiv: prefix and resolved to OpenAlex W4298187611 |
| ids object on the result | openalex, doi, pmid, mag | mag is the retired Microsoft Academic id, still carried where OpenAlex has one. There is no PMCID field |
| authors[].orcid | an https://orcid.org/ URL, when the author registered one | a full URL, not a bare ORCID. 28 of the paper's 34 authors had one; 33 of 34 had an OpenAlex author id |
| authors[].affiliations[].ror | https://ror.org/00971b260 | ROR URL, plus the institution's OpenAlex id, country code and type such as company or education |
| oa_status | gold, hybrid, bronze, green, closed | across 40 CRISPR hits: 13 gold, 11 closed, 9 bronze, 5 green, 2 hybrid. is_oa was true on 29 of the 40 |
| oa_url and pdf_url | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2.pdf | direct file link where one is known. 11 of the same 40 rows had no pdf_url |
| source=arxiv row ids | arXiv:2209.15001 | arXiv preprints have no DOI on this path, and venue reads arXiv |
| source=crossref row ids | 10.7717/peerj-cs.3254/fig-10 | Crossref registers component DOIs, so individual figures and tables come back as rows next to real articles |
| cursor | send * on the first page | next_cursor stays null unless you pass cursor. Without it you get one page and no way forward |
| venue profile extras | Nature: issn_l 0028-0836, h_index 1853, apc_usd 12690 | venue also reports is_oa, is_in_doaj, publisher, country_code and works_count |
Citation totals do not agree with themselves, and that is expected. The AlphaFold paper reported cited_by_count 46,735 on its own record while the citations action reported total 45,854 rows for the same work. The first is OpenAlex's denormalized counter, the second is a live count of the citing-works index. Pick one and stay with it rather than reconciling the two.
Live example
Real request and response JSON
Captured from the indexed primary action, search, on .
Captured request
{
"method": "POST",
"url": "https://api.reefapi.com/academic/v1/search",
"headers": {
"x-api-key": "$REEF_KEY",
"content-type": "application/json"
},
"body": {
"query": "covid"
}
}Captured response
{
"ok": true,
"meta": {
"api": "academic",
"endpoint": "search",
"mode": "live",
"latency_ms": 1101.5,
"record_count": 25,
"bytes": 816400,
"cache_hit": false,
"completeness_pct": 100,
"requests": 1,
"total": 4241219,
"next_cursor": null,
"charged_credits": 1,
"version": "1.0.0"
},
"data": {
"results": [
{
"id": "W3009885589",
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3",
"title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Fei Zhou",
"id": "A5012294253",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-4882",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ting Yu",
"id": "A5100655339",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-8975",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ronghui Du",
"id": "A5102865683",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-5531",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital",
"id": "I4210109004",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01kqcdh89",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Guohui Fan",
"id": "A5082759663",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3560",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital",
"id": "I2801051648",
"ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ying Liu",
"id": "A5100414097",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6081-4773",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Zhibo Liu",
"id": "A5100748265",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-156X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jie Xiang",
"id": "A5018032427",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-5072",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Yeming Wang",
"id": "A5101454711",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-9606",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Capital Medical University",
"id": "I183519381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Bin Song",
"id": "A5077957037",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-2101",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Xiaoying Gu",
"id": "A5101081875",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital",
"id": "I2801051648",
"ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Lulu Guan",
"id": "A5065156494",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital",
"id": "I4210109004",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01kqcdh89",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Yuan Wei",
"id": "A5100707411",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-7549",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Hui Li",
"id": "A5034485071",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-0722",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Xudong Wu",
"id": "A5003556048",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-479X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jiuyang Xu",
"id": "A5062226704",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-5918",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Tsinghua University",
"id": "I99065089",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Shengjin Tu",
"id": "A5001851890",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Yi Zhang",
"id": "A5100388089",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-4681",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Hua Chen",
"id": "A5110426873",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-565X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Jinyintan Hospital",
"id": "I3020662980",
"ror": "https://ror.org/038p1ty61",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Bin Cao",
"id": "A5100613209",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6991-0350",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Capital Medical University",
"id": "I183519381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/013xs5b60",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College",
"id": "I200296433",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02drdmm93",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "China-Japan Friendship Hospital",
"id": "I2801051648",
"ror": "https://ror.org/037cjxp13",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Tsinghua University",
"id": "I99065089",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03cve4549",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 19,
"venue": {
"name": "The Lancet",
"id": "S49861241",
"issn_l": "0099-5355",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Elsevier BV",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-03-01",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620305663/pdf",
"pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620305663/pdf",
"cited_by_count": 29236,
"reference_count": 45,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "395",
"issue": "10229",
"first_page": "1054",
"last_page": "1062"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3009885589",
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3",
"pmid": "32171076",
"mag": "3009885589"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
},
{
"id": "W3111255098",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2034577",
"title": "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine",
"abstract": "BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently. METHODS: In an ongoing multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, pivotal efficacy trial, we randomly assigned persons 16 years of age or older in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses, 21 days apart, of either placebo or the BNT162b2 vaccine candidate (30 μg per dose). BNT162b2 is a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine that encodes a prefusion stabilized, membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein. The primary end points were efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 and safety. RESULTS: A total of 43,548 participants underwent randomization, of whom 43,448 received injections: 21,720 with BNT162b2 and 21,728 with placebo. There were 8 cases of Covid-19 with onset at least 7 days after the second dose among participants assigned to receive BNT162b2 and 162 cases among those assigned to placebo; BNT162b2 was 95% effective in preventing Covid-19 (95% credible interval, 90.3 to 97.6). Similar vaccine efficacy (generally 90 to 100%) was observed across subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline body-mass index, and the presence of coexisting conditions. Among 10 cases of severe Covid-19 with onset after the first dose, 9 occurred in placebo recipients and 1 in a BNT162b2 recipient. The safety profile of BNT162b2 was characterized by short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: A two-dose regimen of BNT162b2 conferred 95% protection against Covid-19 in persons 16 years of age or older. Safety over a median of 2 months was similar to that of other viral vaccines. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04368728.).",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Fernando P. Polack",
"id": "A5001090261",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8432-9158",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Stephen James Thomas",
"id": "A5059606373",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-7682",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Nicholas R.E. Kitchin",
"id": "A5014880604",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-3380",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Judith Absalon",
"id": "A5087564717",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-520X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Alejandra Gurtman",
"id": "A5067206456",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-1201",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Stephen P. Lockhart",
"id": "A5042729050",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-2193",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "John L. Perez",
"id": "A5025483944",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Gonzalo Pérez Marc",
"id": "A5109595342",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Edson Duarte Moreira",
"id": "A5042806017",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-8348",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
"id": "I4210119150",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02f9r3321",
"country": "FR",
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Cristiano A. F. Zerbini",
"id": "A5091416598",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6269-2354",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut de Recherche Vaccinale",
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{
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{
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{
"name": "Dina B Tresnan",
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{
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{
"name": "Susan Mather",
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},
{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
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{
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{
"name": "Philip R. Dormitzer",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"name": "Kathrin U. Jansen",
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{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
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]
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{
"name": "William C. Gruber",
"id": "A5086524484",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-4547",
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{
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{
"name": "SUNY Upstate Medical University",
"id": "I20388574",
"ror": "https://ror.org/040kfrw16",
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{
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],
"author_count": 29,
"venue": {
"name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
"id": "S62468778",
"issn_l": "0028-4793",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Massachusetts Medical Society",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-12-10",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7745181",
"pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7745181",
"cited_by_count": 15741,
"reference_count": 8,
"fields_of_study": [
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "383",
"issue": "27",
"first_page": "2603",
"last_page": "2615"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3111255098",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2034577",
"pmid": "33301246",
"mag": "3111255098"
},
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},
{
"id": "W3008028633",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.2648",
"title": "Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China",
"abstract": "This Viewpoint summarizes key epidemiologic and clinical findings from all cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported through February 11, 2020, in mainland China, and case trends in response to government attempts to control and contain the infection.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Zunyou Wu",
"id": "A5012397238",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-4548",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention",
"id": "I184490438",
"ror": "https://ror.org/04wktzw65",
"country": "CN",
"type": "government"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jennifer M. McGoogan",
"id": "A5075384865",
"orcid": null,
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention",
"id": "I184490438",
"ror": "https://ror.org/04wktzw65",
"country": "CN",
"type": "government"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 2,
"venue": {
"name": "JAMA",
"id": "S172573765",
"issn_l": "0002-9955",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "American Medical Association",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-02-24",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2762130/jama_wu_2020_vp_200028.pdf",
"pdf_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2762130/jama_wu_2020_vp_200028.pdf",
"cited_by_count": 18071,
"reference_count": 13,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"COVID-19 epidemiological studies",
"COVID-19 and Mental Health"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "323",
"issue": "13",
"first_page": "1239",
"last_page": "1239"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3008028633",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.2648",
"pmid": "32091533",
"mag": "3008028633"
},
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},
{
"id": "W3042270788",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2021436",
"title": "Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19",
"abstract": "BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. METHODS: In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Here, we report the final results of this assessment. RESULTS: A total of 2104 patients were assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4321 to receive usual care. Overall, 482 patients (22.9%) in the dexamethasone group and 1110 patients (25.7%) in the usual care group died within 28 days after randomization (age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.93; P<0.001). The proportional and absolute between-group differences in mortality varied considerably according to the level of respiratory support that the patients were receiving at the time of randomization. In the dexamethasone group, the incidence of death was lower than that in the usual care group among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 41.4%; rate ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81) and among those receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94) but not among those who were receiving no respiratory support at randomization (17.8% vs. 14.0%; rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of dexamethasone resulted in lower 28-day mortality among those who were receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen alone at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support. (Funded by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936; ISRCTN number, 50189673.).",
"authors": [
{
"name": "The RECOVERY Collaborative Group",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": []
}
],
"author_count": 1,
"venue": {
"name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
"id": "S62468778",
"issn_l": "0028-4793",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Massachusetts Medical Society",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-07-17",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a1023d7d-0cb1-48ae-a4df-ddc504d2c19d",
"pdf_url": "https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/a1023d7d-0cb1-48ae-a4df-ddc504d2c19d",
"cited_by_count": 10163,
"reference_count": 36,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "384",
"issue": "8",
"first_page": "693",
"last_page": "704"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3042270788",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2021436",
"pmid": "32678530",
"mag": "3042270788"
},
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"sources_merged": [
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},
{
"id": "W3012421327",
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0",
"title": "COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Puja Mehta",
"id": "A5009302956",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-9306",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Centre for Inflammation Research",
"id": "I4210151647",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05wcr1b38",
"country": "GB",
"type": "facility"
},
{
"name": "University College London",
"id": "I45129253",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Daniel Francis McAuley",
"id": "A5041103166",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-1947",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Queen's University Belfast",
"id": "I126231945",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00hswnk62",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "University of Ulster",
"id": "I138801177",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01yp9g959",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Royal Victoria Hospital",
"id": "I4210130048",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03rq50d77",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Michael Brown",
"id": "A5013705693",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-8947",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Royal London Hospital",
"id": "I2801259928",
"ror": "https://ror.org/019my5047",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Hospital for Tropical Diseases",
"id": "I4210091134",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00fdbgx35",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "University College London",
"id": "I45129253",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Emilie Sanchez",
"id": "A5060499295",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "University College Hospital",
"id": "I1289784979",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00wrevg56",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "University College London",
"id": "I45129253",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Rachel Scarlett Tattersall",
"id": "A5025808265",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-6546",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust",
"id": "I4210102902",
"ror": "https://ror.org/018hjpz25",
"country": "GB",
"type": "funder"
},
{
"name": "Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust",
"id": "I4210121472",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02md8hv62",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Sheffield Children's Hospital",
"id": "I4210164839",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05mshxb09",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jessica J. Manson",
"id": "A5063224846",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-4417",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "University College Hospital",
"id": "I1289784979",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00wrevg56",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "University College London",
"id": "I45129253",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 6,
"venue": {
"name": "The Lancet",
"id": "S49861241",
"issn_l": "0099-5355",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Elsevier BV",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-03-01",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620306280/pdf",
"pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620306280/pdf",
"cited_by_count": 10244,
"reference_count": 15,
"fields_of_study": [
"Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research",
"Immune Cell Function and Interaction",
"Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "395",
"issue": "10229",
"first_page": "1033",
"last_page": "1034"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3012421327",
"doi": "10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0",
"pmid": "32192578",
"mag": "3012421327"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
},
{
"id": "W4210642183",
"doi": "10.17863/cam.57006",
"title": "Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19.",
"abstract": "BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. METHODS: In this controlled, open-label trial comparing a range of possible treatments in patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned patients to receive oral or intravenous dexamethasone (at a dose of 6 mg once daily) for up to 10 days or to receive usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Here, we report the final results of this assessment. RESULTS: A total of 2104 patients were assigned to receive dexamethasone and 4321 to receive usual care. Overall, 482 patients (22.9%) in the dexamethasone group and 1110 patients (25.7%) in the usual care group died within 28 days after randomization (age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.93; P<0.001). The proportional and absolute between-group differences in mortality varied considerably according to the level of respiratory support that the patients were receiving at the time of randomization. In the dexamethasone group, the incidence of death was lower than that in the usual care group among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 41.4%; rate ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.81) and among those receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94) but not among those who were receiving no respiratory support at randomization (17.8% vs. 14.0%; rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of dexamethasone resulted in lower 28-day mortality among those who were receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen alone at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support. (Funded by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936; ISRCTN number, 50189673.).",
"authors": [
{
"name": "RECOVERY Collaborative Group",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Peter Horby",
"id": "A5055026576",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-1586",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Wei Shen Lim",
"id": "A5015120901",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-3051",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Jonathan Emberson",
"id": "A5030250235",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-9422",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Marion M. Mafham",
"id": "A5085447535",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-3963",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Jennifer Bell",
"id": "A5081530481",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-0715",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Louise Linsell",
"id": "A5073699884",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-6511",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Natalie Staplin",
"id": "A5028314395",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-4418",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Christopher Edward Brightling",
"id": "A5048320859",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-4903",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Andrew Ustianowski",
"id": "A5002152360",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-7855",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Einas Elmahi",
"id": "A5049554502",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-9456",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Benjamin Prudon",
"id": "A5069348015",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Christopher Aird Green",
"id": "A5100783055",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-4014",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Timothy Felton",
"id": "A5111059272",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "David Chadwick",
"id": "A5072739448",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-9610",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Rege, Kanchan",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Chris Fegan",
"id": "A5050134999",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-0621",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Lucy C. Chappell",
"id": "A5044391206",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-3379",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Saul N. Faust",
"id": "A5073745658",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-7642",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Thomas Jaki",
"id": "A5053252382",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-188X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Katie JM Jeffery",
"id": "A5027455759",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-2689",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Alan A. Montgomery",
"id": "A5046999262",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-1606",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Kathy Rowan",
"id": "A5082689888",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-5602",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Edmund Juszczak",
"id": "A5053788765",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-2247",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "John Kenneth Baillie",
"id": "A5030523023",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-793X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Richard Haynes",
"id": "A5088900128",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-0023",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Martin Landray",
"id": "A5079926383",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-827X",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
}
],
"author_count": 27,
"venue": {
"name": "DiRROS repository (University of Maribor)",
"id": "S4377196363",
"issn_l": null,
"type": "repository",
"publisher": "University of Maribor",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-09-03",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15123",
"pdf_url": "https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15123",
"cited_by_count": 8036,
"reference_count": 41,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": null,
"issue": null,
"first_page": null,
"last_page": null
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W4210642183",
"doi": "10.17863/cam.57006",
"pmid": null,
"mag": null
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
},
{
"id": "W3012320055",
"doi": "10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397",
"title": "WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.",
"abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (1). At a news briefing , WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, noted that over the past 2 weeks, the number of cases outside China increased 13-fold and the number of countries with cases increased threefold. Further increases are expected. He said that the WHO is \"deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity and by the alarming levels of inaction,\" and he called on countries to take action now to contain the virus. \"We should double down,\" he said. \"We should be more aggressive.\" [...].",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Domenico Cucinotta",
"id": "A5005444334",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8159-5709",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Maurizio Vanelli",
"id": "A5110667965",
"orcid": null,
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
}
],
"author_count": 2,
"venue": {
"name": "PubMed",
"id": "S4306525036",
"issn_l": null,
"type": "repository",
"publisher": "National Institutes of Health",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-03-19",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7569573",
"pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7569573",
"cited_by_count": 7788,
"reference_count": 9,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 epidemiological studies",
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "91",
"issue": "1",
"first_page": "157",
"last_page": "160"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3012320055",
"doi": "10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397",
"pmid": "32191675",
"mag": "3012320055"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
},
{
"id": "W3008443627",
"doi": "10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30120-1",
"title": "An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time",
"abstract": "In December, 2019, a local outbreak of pneumonia of initially unknown cause was detected in Wuhan (Hubei, China), and was quickly determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus,1 namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak has since spread to every province of mainland China as well as 27 other countries and regions, with more than 70 000 confirmed cases as of Feb 17, 2020.2 In response to this ongoing public health emergency, we developed an online interactive dashboard, hosted by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, to visualise and track reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in real time.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Ensheng Dong",
"id": "A5066854264",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-5739",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Hongru Du",
"id": "A5072771687",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2943",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Lauren M. Gardner",
"id": "A5034284815",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-8022",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins University",
"id": "I145311948",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00za53h95",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Johns Hopkins Medicine",
"id": "I2799853436",
"ror": "https://ror.org/037zgn354",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 3,
"venue": {
"name": "The Lancet Infectious Diseases",
"id": "S23772524",
"issn_l": "1473-3099",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Elsevier BV",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-02-19",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "hybrid",
"oa_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473309920301201/pdf",
"pdf_url": "http://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473309920301201/pdf",
"cited_by_count": 11219,
"reference_count": 1,
"fields_of_study": [
"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "20",
"issue": "5",
"first_page": "533",
"last_page": "534"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3008443627",
"doi": "10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30120-1",
"pmid": "32087114",
"mag": "3008443627"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
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]
},
{
"id": "W3013893137",
"doi": "10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x",
"title": "Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Roman Wölfel",
"id": "A5036528913",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-7821",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Universität der Bundeswehr München",
"id": "I40527276",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05kkv3f82",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr",
"id": "I4403928284",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01xexwj76",
"country": null,
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Victor M. Corman",
"id": "A5073782617",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-0136",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin",
"id": "I7877124",
"ror": "https://ror.org/001w7jn25",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Wolfgang Guggemos",
"id": "A5040431441",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "München Klinik Schwabing",
"id": "I4210091445",
"ror": "https://ror.org/002bjfj29",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Michael Seilmaier",
"id": "A5021314533",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-2614",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "München Klinik Schwabing",
"id": "I4210091445",
"ror": "https://ror.org/002bjfj29",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Sabine Zange",
"id": "A5032254909",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-9248",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Universität der Bundeswehr München",
"id": "I40527276",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05kkv3f82",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr",
"id": "I4403928284",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01xexwj76",
"country": null,
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}
]
},
{
"name": "Marcel A. Müller",
"id": "A5109246066",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-5117",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin",
"id": "I7877124",
"ror": "https://ror.org/001w7jn25",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Daniela Niemeyer",
"id": "A5038278924",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-6365",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin",
"id": "I7877124",
"ror": "https://ror.org/001w7jn25",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Terry C. Jones",
"id": "A5037157567",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1120-9531",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "University of Cambridge",
"id": "I241749",
"ror": "https://ror.org/013meh722",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin",
"id": "I7877124",
"ror": "https://ror.org/001w7jn25",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Patrick Vollmar",
"id": "A5112510369",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Universität der Bundeswehr München",
"id": "I40527276",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05kkv3f82",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr",
"id": "I4403928284",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01xexwj76",
"country": null,
"type": "facility"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Camilla Rothe",
"id": "A5112668923",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "LMU Klinikum",
"id": "I3018771216",
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"author_count": 18,
"venue": {
"name": "Nature",
"id": "S137773608",
"issn_l": "0028-0836",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-04-01",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
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"oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2196-x.pdf",
"pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2196-x.pdf",
"cited_by_count": 7240,
"reference_count": 37,
"fields_of_study": [
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "581",
"issue": "7809",
"first_page": "465",
"last_page": "469"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3013893137",
"doi": "10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x",
"pmid": "32235945",
"mag": "3013893137"
},
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"openalex"
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},
{
"id": "W3027630905",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2007764",
"title": "Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report",
"abstract": "BACKGROUND: Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous remdesivir in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remdesivir (200 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for up to 9 additional days) or placebo for up to 10 days. The primary outcome was the time to recovery, defined by either discharge from the hospital or hospitalization for infection-control purposes only. RESULTS: A total of 1062 patients underwent randomization (with 541 assigned to remdesivir and 521 to placebo). Those who received remdesivir had a median recovery time of 10 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 11), as compared with 15 days (95% CI, 13 to 18) among those who received placebo (rate ratio for recovery, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.49; P<0.001, by a log-rank test). In an analysis that used a proportional-odds model with an eight-category ordinal scale, the patients who received remdesivir were found to be more likely than those who received placebo to have clinical improvement at day 15 (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9, after adjustment for actual disease severity). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of mortality were 6.7% with remdesivir and 11.9% with placebo by day 15 and 11.4% with remdesivir and 15.2% with placebo by day 29 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.03). Serious adverse events were reported in 131 of the 532 patients who received remdesivir (24.6%) and in 163 of the 516 patients who received placebo (31.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery in adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and had evidence of lower respiratory tract infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACTT-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04280705.).",
"authors": [
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"title": "Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19",
"abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. In this Review, we describe the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses. We summarize current knowledge of clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of COVID-19, as well as recent progress in animal models and antiviral treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail. In this Review, Shi and colleagues summarize the exceptional amount of research that has characterized acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since this virus has swept around the globe. They discuss what we know so far about the emergence and virology of SARS-CoV-2 and the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.",
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"id": "I19820366",
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{
"name": "Wuhan Institute of Virology",
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{
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{
"name": "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences",
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{
"name": "Peng Zhou",
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{
"name": "Wuhan Institute of Virology",
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{
"name": "Zheng‐Li Shi",
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{
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{
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"venue": {
"name": "Nature Reviews Microbiology",
"id": "S56802129",
"issn_l": "1740-1526",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-10-06",
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"cited_by_count": 5514,
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"fields_of_study": [
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "19",
"issue": "3",
"first_page": "141",
"last_page": "154"
},
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{
"id": "W3008874180",
"doi": "10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433",
"title": "The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Hussin Alwan Rothan",
"id": "A5071652002",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-6388",
"position": "first",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Georgia State University",
"id": "I181565077",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03qt6ba18",
"country": "US",
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{
"name": "Siddappa N. Byrareddy",
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"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-4640",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Nebraska Medical Center",
"id": "I1307117695",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03azxga02",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "University of Nebraska Medical Center",
"id": "I59130452",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00thqtb16",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
}
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"venue": {
"name": "Journal of Autoimmunity",
"id": "S187826688",
"issn_l": "0896-8411",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Elsevier BV",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-02-26",
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"oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7127067",
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"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"COVID-19 epidemiological studies"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "109",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "102433",
"last_page": "102433"
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"doi": "10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433",
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{
"id": "W3017185871",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018",
"title": "The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review",
"abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 4.3 million confirmed cases and over 290,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions have lead to a reduced workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need for commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector is also facing increased demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Maria Nicola",
"id": "A5057937484",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-8791",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust",
"id": "I153355300",
"ror": "https://ror.org/056ffv270",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Zaid Alsafi",
"id": "A5062194534",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-4782",
"position": "middle",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "The London College",
"id": "I4210144746",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0546ajs61",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "University College London",
"id": "I45129253",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02jx3x895",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Catrin Sohrabi",
"id": "A5072792396",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-5659",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Queen Mary University of London",
"id": "I166337079",
"ror": "https://ror.org/026zzn846",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ahmed Kerwan",
"id": "A5031800245",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-573X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "King's College London",
"id": "I183935753",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0220mzb33",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "King's College School",
"id": "I4210119896",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bbqcn27",
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"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ahmed Al‐Jabir",
"id": "A5038817071",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-211X",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "King's College London",
"id": "I183935753",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0220mzb33",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "King's College School",
"id": "I4210119896",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bbqcn27",
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]
},
{
"name": "Christos Iosifidis",
"id": "A5089644853",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-5674",
"position": "middle",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Queen Mary University of London",
"id": "I166337079",
"ror": "https://ror.org/026zzn846",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Maliha Agha",
"id": "A5006560115",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
},
{
"name": "Riaz Agha",
"id": "A5086485997",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-0095",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Barts Health NHS Trust",
"id": "I225661044",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00b31g692",
"country": "GB",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 8,
"venue": {
"name": "International Journal of Surgery",
"id": "S67965910",
"issn_l": "1743-9159",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Wolters Kluwer",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-04-16",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "hybrid",
"oa_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120303162/pdf",
"pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120303162/pdf",
"cited_by_count": 6554,
"reference_count": 7,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts",
"COVID-19 epidemiological studies",
"COVID-19 impact on air quality"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "78",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "185",
"last_page": "193"
},
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"ids": {
"openalex": "W3017185871",
"doi": "10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018",
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{
"id": "W3027918021",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmoa2015432",
"title": "Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19",
"abstract": "BACKGROUND: Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19. METHODS: We examined 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from Covid-19 and compared them with 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to influenza A(H1N1) infection and 10 age-matched, uninfected control lungs. The lungs were studied with the use of seven-color immunohistochemical analysis, micro-computed tomographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, corrosion casting, and direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression. RESULTS: In patients who died from Covid-19-associated or influenza-associated respiratory failure, the histologic pattern in the peripheral lung was diffuse alveolar damage with perivascular T-cell infiltration. The lungs from patients with Covid-19 also showed distinctive vascular features, consisting of severe endothelial injury associated with the presence of intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes. Histologic analysis of pulmonary vessels in patients with Covid-19 showed widespread thrombosis with microangiopathy. Alveolar capillary microthrombi were 9 times as prevalent in patients with Covid-19 as in patients with influenza (P<0.001). In lungs from patients with Covid-19, the amount of new vessel growth - predominantly through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis - was 2.7 times as high as that in the lungs from patients with influenza (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our small series, vascular angiogenesis distinguished the pulmonary pathobiology of Covid-19 from that of equally severe influenza virus infection. The universality and clinical implications of our observations require further research to define. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Maximilian Ackermann",
"id": "A5086646925",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-2477",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Stijn E. Verleden",
"id": "A5055712465",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-5844",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Mark Philipp Kuehnel",
"id": "A5112910990",
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{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
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"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
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{
"name": "Axel Haverich",
"id": "A5042536098",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-2650",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Tobias Welte",
"id": "A5059857876",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-7356",
"position": "middle",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
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"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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{
"name": "Florian Laenger",
"id": "A5029294865",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-4855",
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{
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"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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]
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{
"name": "Arno Vanstapel",
"id": "A5069455180",
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{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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{
"name": "Christopher Werlein",
"id": "A5077513006",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-4257",
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{
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"id": "I197323543",
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"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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{
"name": "Helge Stark",
"id": "A5063911134",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8056",
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{
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"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
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"type": "healthcare"
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]
},
{
"name": "Alexandar Tzankov",
"id": "A5041171016",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1100-3819",
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"affiliations": [
{
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"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
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"type": "healthcare"
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]
},
{
"name": "William W. Li",
"id": "A5025408245",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz",
"id": "I197323543",
"ror": "https://ror.org/023b0x485",
"country": "DE",
"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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]
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{
"name": "Vincent W. Li",
"id": "A5016698089",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4613-4040",
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"affiliations": [
{
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"id": "I197323543",
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"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
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"type": "healthcare"
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{
"name": "Steven J. Mentzer",
"id": "A5013315084",
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{
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"id": "I197323543",
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"type": "education"
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{
"name": "Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal",
"id": "I4210120381",
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"type": "healthcare"
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{
"name": "Danny David Jonigk",
"id": "A5068639127",
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{
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"type": "education"
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{
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"ror": "https://ror.org/02r8sh830",
"country": "DE",
"type": "healthcare"
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],
"author_count": 14,
"venue": {
"name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
"id": "S62468778",
"issn_l": "0028-4793",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Massachusetts Medical Society",
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"publication_date": "2020-05-21",
"type": "article",
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"cited_by_count": 5915,
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"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
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"volume": "383",
"issue": "2",
"first_page": "120",
"last_page": "128"
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"ids": {
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{
"id": "W3015658132",
"doi": "10.1056/nejmp2008017",
"title": "Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic",
"abstract": "Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic Many aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the public health response to it will undoubtedly contribute to widespread emotional distress and increased risk fo...",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Betty J. Pfefferbaum",
"id": "A5029697403",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8092-7399",
"position": "first",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Southwestern Medical Center",
"id": "I4210096815",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00t9vx427",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center",
"id": "I867280407",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05byvp690",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Carol S. North",
"id": "A5043110072",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-5323",
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"name": "Southwestern Medical Center",
"id": "I4210096815",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00t9vx427",
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},
{
"name": "The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center",
"id": "I867280407",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05byvp690",
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}
],
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"venue": {
"name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
"id": "S62468778",
"issn_l": "0028-4793",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-04-13",
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"COVID-19 and Mental Health",
"Mental Health Treatment and Access",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
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"volume": "383",
"issue": "6",
"first_page": "510",
"last_page": "512"
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{
"id": "W3016535995",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.6775",
"title": "Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area",
"abstract": "Importance: There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of US patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a US health care system. Design, Setting, and Participants: Case series of patients with COVID-19 admitted to 12 hospitals in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County, New York, within the Northwell Health system. The study included all sequentially hospitalized patients between March 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, inclusive of these dates. Exposures: Confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by positive result on polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal sample among patients requiring admission. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical outcomes during hospitalization, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, and death. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, presenting vital signs, and test results were also collected. Results: A total of 5700 patients were included (median age, 63 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 52-75; range, 0-107 years]; 39.7% female). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (3026; 56.6%), obesity (1737; 41.7%), and diabetes (1808; 33.8%). At triage, 30.7% of patients were febrile, 17.3% had a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths/min, and 27.8% received supplemental oxygen. The rate of respiratory virus co-infection was 2.1%. Outcomes were assessed for 2634 patients who were discharged or had died at the study end point. During hospitalization, 373 patients (14.2%) (median age, 68 years [IQR, 56-78]; 33.5% female) were treated in the intensive care unit care, 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, 81 (3.2%) were treated with kidney replacement therapy, and 553 (21%) died. As of April 4, 2020, for patients requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 1151, 20.2%), 38 (3.3%) were discharged alive, 282 (24.5%) died, and 831 (72.2%) remained in hospital. The median postdischarge follow-up time was 4.4 days (IQR, 2.2-9.3). A total of 45 patients (2.2%) were readmitted during the study period. The median time to readmission was 3 days (IQR, 1.0-4.5) for readmitted patients. Among the 3066 patients who remained hospitalized at the final study follow-up date (median age, 65 years [IQR, 54-75]), the median follow-up at time of censoring was 4.5 days (IQR, 2.4-8.1). Conclusions and Relevance: This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area.",
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"id": "A5047393047",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-1102",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dnene97",
"country": "US",
"type": "facility"
},
{
"name": "Health Innovations (United States)",
"id": "I4210091604",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00darzp70",
"country": "US",
"type": "company"
},
{
"name": "Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell",
"id": "I4210106353",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01ff5td15",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
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]
},
{
"name": "Jamie S. Hirsch",
"id": "A5035326955",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-1275",
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"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
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{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
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"id": "I4210091604",
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{
"name": "Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell",
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{
"name": "Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell",
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{
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{
"name": "Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell",
"id": "I4210106353",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01ff5td15",
"country": "US",
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]
},
{
"name": "Lyndonna M. Marrast",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dnene97",
"country": "US",
"type": "facility"
},
{
"name": "Health Innovations (United States)",
"id": "I4210091604",
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},
{
"name": "Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell",
"id": "I4210106353",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01ff5td15",
"country": "US",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jazmin N. Mogavero",
"id": "A5078646617",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-0606",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dnene97",
"country": "US",
"type": "facility"
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{
"name": "Health Innovations (United States)",
"id": "I4210091604",
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]
},
{
"name": "Gabrielle A. Osorio",
"id": "A5084514282",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dnene97",
"country": "US",
"type": "facility"
},
{
"name": "Health Innovations (United States)",
"id": "I4210091604",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00darzp70",
"country": "US",
"type": "company"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Michael Qiu",
"id": "A5071517776",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-7923",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Theodoros P. Zanos",
"id": "A5068492860",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-9551",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Northwell Health",
"id": "I1302444339",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02bxt4m23",
"country": "US",
"type": "healthcare"
},
{
"name": "Feinstein Institute for Medical Research",
"id": "I1327576362",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05dnene97",
"country": "US",
"type": "facility"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 27,
"venue": {
"name": "JAMA",
"id": "S172573765",
"issn_l": "0002-9955",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "American Medical Association",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-04-22",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7177629",
"pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7177629",
"cited_by_count": 9915,
"reference_count": 14,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19",
"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "323",
"issue": "20",
"first_page": "2052",
"last_page": "2052"
},
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"ids": {
"openalex": "W3016535995",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.6775",
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{
"id": "W3009506062",
"doi": "10.3390/ijerph17051729",
"title": "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China",
"abstract": "Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Cuiyan Wang",
"id": "A5072923473",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-5194",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Riyu Pan",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Xiaoyang Wan",
"id": "A5026623809",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-0638",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Yilin Tan",
"id": "A5019315911",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-978X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
"country": "CN",
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}
]
},
{
"name": "Linkang Xu",
"id": "A5068463005",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-1187",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
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}
]
},
{
"name": "Cyrus S. H. Ho",
"id": "A5012133689",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-9566",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "National University of Singapore",
"id": "I165932596",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49",
"country": "SG",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "National University Health System",
"id": "I4210150261",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05tjjsh18",
"country": "SG",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Roger Ho",
"id": "A5062759333",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-4493",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Huaibei Normal University",
"id": "I165859042",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03ek23472",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "National University of Singapore",
"id": "I165932596",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49",
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"type": "education"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 7,
"venue": {
"name": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
"id": "S15239247",
"issn_l": "1660-4601",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
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},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-03-06",
"type": "article",
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"oa_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1729/pdf?version=1583494840",
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"cited_by_count": 10321,
"reference_count": 42,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 and Mental Health",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19",
"Mental Health Research Topics"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "17",
"issue": "5",
"first_page": "1729",
"last_page": "1729"
},
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"ids": {
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"doi": "10.3390/ijerph17051729",
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{
"id": "W3008696669",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.2565",
"title": "Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19",
"abstract": "This study describes possible transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from an asymptomatic Wuhan resident to 5 family members in Anyang, a Chinese city in the neighboring province of Hubei.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Yan Bai",
"id": "A5108405123",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3332-7981",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Henan Provincial People's Hospital",
"id": "I4210133534",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03f72zw41",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Lingsheng Yao",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine",
"id": "I4210166889",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02x5sw589",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Tao Wei",
"id": "A5037005385",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-7530",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "The Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang",
"id": "I4210096186",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00ty48v44",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Fei Tian",
"id": "A5101886126",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-2841",
"position": "middle",
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"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital",
"id": "I2802573037",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0152hn881",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Dong‐Yan Jin",
"id": "A5038876168",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2778-3530",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "University of Hong Kong",
"id": "I889458895",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02zhqgq86",
"country": "HK",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Lijuan Chen",
"id": "A5100437846",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-1194",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Henan Provincial People's Hospital",
"id": "I4210133534",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03f72zw41",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Meiyun Wang",
"id": "A5100748031",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-6184",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Henan Provincial People's Hospital",
"id": "I4210133534",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03f72zw41",
"country": "CN",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 7,
"venue": {
"name": "JAMA",
"id": "S172573765",
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"type": "journal",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-02-21",
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"fields_of_study": [
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "323",
"issue": "14",
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{
"id": "W3018517500",
"doi": "10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8",
"title": "The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Matthew Zirui Tay",
"id": "A5086417459",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-913X",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research",
"id": "I115228651",
"ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09",
"country": "SG",
"type": "government"
},
{
"name": "Singapore Immunology Network",
"id": "I2800824516",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03vmmgg57",
"country": "SG",
"type": "facility"
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]
},
{
"name": "Chek Meng Poh",
"id": "A5001884622",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-3937",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
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"id": "I115228651",
"ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09",
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"type": "government"
},
{
"name": "Singapore Immunology Network",
"id": "I2800824516",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03vmmgg57",
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]
},
{
"name": "Laurent Rénia",
"id": "A5072298339",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-1557",
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"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Agency for Science, Technology and Research",
"id": "I115228651",
"ror": "https://ror.org/036wvzt09",
"country": "SG",
"type": "government"
},
{
"name": "National University of Singapore",
"id": "I165932596",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49",
"country": "SG",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Singapore Immunology Network",
"id": "I2800824516",
"ror": "https://ror.org/03vmmgg57",
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]
},
{
"name": "Paul A. MacAry",
"id": "A5033706758",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-8996",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "National University of Singapore",
"id": "I165932596",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49",
"country": "SG",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Lisa F. P. Ng",
"id": "A5013366445",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-5222",
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "University of Liverpool",
"id": "I146655781",
"ror": "https://ror.org/04xs57h96",
"country": "GB",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "National University of Singapore",
"id": "I165932596",
"ror": "https://ror.org/01tgyzw49",
"country": "SG",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Singapore Immunology Network",
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"ror": "https://ror.org/03vmmgg57",
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]
}
],
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"venue": {
"name": "Nature reviews. Immunology",
"id": "S93373720",
"issn_l": "1474-1733",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
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"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-04-28",
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"oa_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0311-8.pdf",
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"cited_by_count": 4656,
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"fields_of_study": [
"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "20",
"issue": "6",
"first_page": "363",
"last_page": "374"
},
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"ids": {
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"doi": "10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8",
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},
{
"id": "W3041493976",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.12603",
"title": "Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19",
"abstract": "case rate of 587 per 100 000.The crude COVID-19 death rate in prisons was 39 deaths per 100 000 prisoners, which was higher than the US population rate of 29 deaths per 100 000 (Table).However, individuals aged 65 years or older comprised a smaller share of the prison population than of the US population (3% vs 16%, respectively) and accounted for 81% of COVID-19 deaths in the US population.The Table provides a standardized calculation showing that the adjusted death rate in the prison population was 3.0 times higher than would be expected if the age and sex distributions of the US and prison populations were equal.The Figure displays the daily trends in cumulative, confirmed cases of COVID-19 in state and federal prisons and the US population from March 31, 2020, to June 6, 2020.The COVID-19 case rate was initially lower in prisons but surpassed the US population on April 14, 2020.The mean daily case growth rate was 8.3% per day in prisons and 3.4% per day in the US population.Discussion | COVID-19 case rates have been substantially higher and escalating much more rapidly in prisons than in the US population.One limitation of the study is that it relied on officially reported data, which may be subject to inaccuracies and reporting delays, but are the only data available.Comprehensive data on testing rates were not available, and testing rates in both prisons and the overall population were uneven, with many facilities testing no prisoners or only symptomatic persons.2,5 Mass testing in select prisons revealed wide COVID-19 outbreaks, with infection rates exceeding 65% in several facilities. 2 Reported case rates for prisoners therefore likely understated the true prevalence of COVID-19 in prisons.A second limitation is that departments of corrections generally did not report demographic data on decedents, and therefore we could not adjust death rates to account for race/ ethnicity and comorbidity.This study focused on prisons but did not include jails or other detention facilities where there have been notable COVID-19 outbreaks.Although some facilities did engage in efforts to control outbreaks, the findings suggest that overall, COVID-19 in US prisons is unlikely to be contained without implementation of more effective infection control.",
"authors": [
{
"name": "Angelo Carfì",
"id": "A5067865798",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-7003",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic",
"id": "I2802557943",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00rg70c39",
"country": "IT",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Roberto Bernabei",
"id": "A5037200438",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-004X",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic",
"id": "I2802557943",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00rg70c39",
"country": "IT",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Francesco Landi",
"id": "A5031316687",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-1389",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic",
"id": "I2802557943",
"ror": "https://ror.org/00rg70c39",
"country": "IT",
"type": "healthcare"
}
]
},
{
"name": "for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group",
"id": null,
"orcid": null,
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": []
}
],
"author_count": 4,
"venue": {
"name": "JAMA",
"id": "S172573765",
"issn_l": "0002-9955",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "American Medical Association",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-07-09",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2768351/jama_carf_2020_ld_200075_1596830733.59855.pdf",
"pdf_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2768351/jama_carf_2020_ld_200075_1596830733.59855.pdf",
"cited_by_count": 4812,
"reference_count": 7,
"fields_of_study": [
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19",
"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "324",
"issue": "6",
"first_page": "603",
"last_page": "603"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3041493976",
"doi": "10.1001/jama.2020.12603",
"pmid": "32644129",
"mag": "3041493976"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
},
{
"id": "W3011821664",
"doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934",
"title": "The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China",
"abstract": null,
"authors": [
{
"name": "Wenjun Cao",
"id": "A5013912162",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-1078",
"position": "first",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Shandong University",
"id": "I154099455",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0207yh398",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
},
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Ziwei Fang",
"id": "A5101805505",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-0176",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Guoqiang Hou",
"id": "A5088605005",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-7773",
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Mei Han",
"id": "A5111324057",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Xinrong Xu",
"id": "A5051448995",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Jiaxin Dong",
"id": "A5039555295",
"orcid": null,
"position": "middle",
"is_corresponding": false,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Zheng Jianzhong",
"id": "A5101103203",
"orcid": null,
"position": "last",
"is_corresponding": true,
"affiliations": [
{
"name": "Changzhi Medical College",
"id": "I198959115",
"ror": "https://ror.org/0340wst14",
"country": "CN",
"type": "education"
}
]
}
],
"author_count": 7,
"venue": {
"name": "Psychiatry Research",
"id": "S84074229",
"issn_l": "0165-1781",
"type": "journal",
"publisher": "Elsevier BV",
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false
},
"year": 2020,
"publication_date": "2020-03-20",
"type": "article",
"language": "en",
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "green",
"oa_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7102633",
"pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7102633",
"cited_by_count": 6022,
"reference_count": 32,
"fields_of_study": [
"COVID-19 and Mental Health",
"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts",
"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19"
],
"biblio": {
"volume": "287",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "112934",
"last_page": "112934"
},
"is_retracted": false,
"ids": {
"openalex": "W3011821664",
"doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934",
"pmid": "32229390",
"mag": "3011821664"
},
"source": "openalex",
"sources_merged": [
"openalex"
]
}
],
"count": 4241219,
"next_cursor": null,
"source": "openalex"
}
}Actions
What the Academic Papers API does
| Action | Description | Concrete use case | Key params |
|---|---|---|---|
| search | search papers (source=openalex|arxiv|crossref|all; cursor pagination, year/OA/type filters, match=title, fulltext=; first-class author_id/venue_id/institution_id/concept_id/topic_id filters for papers BY an entity) | Content platforms call search to search papers (source=openalex|arxiv|crossref|all; cursor pagination, year/OA/type filters, m…. | query, source, per_page, cursor, filter, ... |
| paper_detail | full paper (abstract/authors/affiliations/venue/year/DOI/OA-PDF/fields); id=OpenAlex|DOI|arXiv|PMID; cross-source abstract gap-fill | Research tools call paper_detail to get full paper (abstract/authors/affiliations/venue/year/DOI/OA-PDF/fields); id=OpenAlex|DOI|arXi…. | id, enrich, raw, fill_abstract |
| citations | papers that cite this work (cursor-paginated) | Community analysts call citations to get papers that cite this work (cursor-paginated). | id, per_page, cursor |
| references | works this paper references (hydrated) | Media monitors call references to get works this paper references (hydrated). | id, limit |
| related | OpenAlex-curated related works for a paper (co-cited / topically-adjacent), hydrated | Content platforms call related to get openAlex-curated related works for a paper (co-cited / topically-adjacent), hydrated. | id, limit |
| author | author search (query) or profile (id): works_count, h-index, affiliations; include_works for top papers | Research tools call author to get author search (query) or profile (id). | id, query, include_works, works_limit, per_page |
| institution | institution search/profile: ROR, country, geo, works/citation counts, h-index; include_works for the org's papers | Community analysts call institution to get institution search/profile. | id, query, per_page, include_works, works_limit |
| venue | journal/venue search/profile: ISSN, publisher, OA/DOAJ, h-index, works/citation counts; include_works for the venue's papers | Media monitors call venue to get journal/venue search/profile. | id, query, per_page, include_works, works_limit |
| concept | concept search (query) or profile (id): level, works/citation counts, description; include_works for papers. NOTE: OpenAlex froze the Concepts dataset (ancestors/related now empty) — use `topic` for the live subject hierarchy | Content platforms call concept to get concept search (query) or profile (id). | id, query, per_page, include_works, works_limit |
| topic | topic search (query) or profile (id): domain>field>subfield hierarchy, keywords, siblings, works/citation counts; include_works for papers (the live replacement for Concepts) | Research tools call topic to get topic search (query) or profile (id). | id, query, per_page, include_works, works_limit |
| autocomplete | fast typeahead suggestions (works/authors/sources/institutions) | Community analysts call autocomplete to get fast typeahead suggestions (works/authors/sources/institutions). | q, entity |
| batch | hydrate up to 200 papers by id/DOI in one call (RAG/ETL) | Media monitors call batch to get hydrate up to 200 papers by id/DOI in one call (RAG/ETL). | ids, include_abstract, limit |
Code samples
Call search from your stack
curl -X POST https://api.reefapi.com/academic/v1/search \
-H "x-api-key: $REEF_KEY" \
-H "content-type: application/json" \
-d '{"query":"covid"}'import requests
r = requests.post(
"https://api.reefapi.com/academic/v1/search",
headers={"x-api-key": REEF_KEY},
json={
"query": "covid"
},
)
print(r.json()["data"])const res = await fetch("https://api.reefapi.com/academic/v1/search", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"x-api-key": process.env.REEF_KEY,
"content-type": "application/json",
},
body: JSON.stringify({
"query": "covid"
}),
});
const { ok, data, meta, error } = await res.json();MCP one-liner
Ask your MCP-connected assistant: call reefapi.academic.search with {"query":"covid"}.Use cases
Who uses this API and why
- Research tools call search then citations to map the literature around a topic.
- Literature-review products use references and related to trace a paper's intellectual lineage.
- Academic apps use author and institution to build researcher and organization profiles.
FAQ
Questions developers ask before integrating
Which identifier formats can I pass as id?
An OpenAlex work id starting with W, a DOI starting with 10., a prefixed arXiv id, or a PubMed id written as pmid:34265844. The prefix on the last two is not optional: W3177828909, the DOI and pmid:34265844 all returned the same AlphaFold record, while the bare number 34265844 was rejected with NOT_FOUND. arXiv:2209.15001 resolved through to OpenAlex W4298187611. The response echoes every id it knows in an ids object, so you only have to do this once per paper.
Why do cited_by_count and the citations total disagree?
They are two different measurements of the same thing. cited_by_count is a stored counter on the work record and read 46,735. The citations action filters the works index for papers citing that id and reported total 45,854. OpenAlex refreshes the counter and the index on different schedules, so a gap of a percent or two is normal. Use cited_by_count when you want a number to display and the citations total when you are about to page through the actual citing papers, because that is the number of rows you will get.
Do I get ORCIDs, and how good is author disambiguation?
You get an ORCID when OpenAlex has one, as a full https://orcid.org/ URL. On a 34-author paper, 28 authors carried one and 33 carried an OpenAlex author id, leaving one author who is a name string with id null and orcid null. That is what an unresolved author looks like, and it means you cannot key on authors[].id without a null check. Author profiles also return an affiliations list with a years array per institution, which is a clustering result rather than a verified employment record, so check the years before you treat an entry as current.
Why is abstract null on so many results?
OpenAlex stores abstracts as an inverted index and only for records where a publisher allowed it, so a large share simply have none. In a 40-row CRISPR search, 18 rows had no abstract while all 40 had a DOI. paper_detail can close some of that gap: fill_abstract is on by default and pulls the missing text from arXiv or Crossref, which is why the AlphaFold record returned a 1,701-character abstract and reported sources_merged as openalex plus crossref. Search results do not get that treatment, so hydrate the ones you care about.
What do the oa_status values mean, and where is the file?
gold means the venue itself is fully open, hybrid means an open article inside a paywalled journal, green means a repository copy exists, bronze means free to read on the publisher site with no open license, and closed means no free copy is known. The measured spread over 40 rows was 13 gold, 11 closed, 9 bronze, 5 green and 2 hybrid. When a file is known, oa_url and pdf_url carry the direct link, and license is returned separately: the AlphaFold record listed a CC BY 4.0 URL. bronze in particular tends to have a readable URL and no reusable license, so read license before you redistribute anything.
Why did a Crossref search return something called Figure 10?
Because Crossref registers DOIs for components of an article, not only for the article, and those component records are indexed alongside everything else. A live search with source crossref returned 10.7717/peerj-cs.3254/fig-10 and 10.7717/peerj-cs.3655/fig-2 in the top rows, with venue null on both. The tell is the trailing path segment on the DOI and the missing venue. If you want papers only, use source openalex, which returned real articles with a venue object on every row.
What does source=all actually give me?
One deduplicated page assembled from all three backends, not a merged corpus. A call with per_page 3 and source all returned 9 rows and reported count 9, because it fetched a page from each backend and DOI-deduplicated the union. That count is the size of what you got, unlike the single-source paths where count is the corpus total, 257,382 for the same query on arXiv and 315,449 on Crossref. Each row carries sources_merged so you can see which backend it came from.
How do I page past the first screen of results?
Pass cursor with the literal value * on the first call, then feed the returned next_cursor back in. Without a cursor, next_cursor comes back null and there is no continuation token, which is the usual reason a scripted crawl stops after one page. per_page goes up to 200. The offset-style parameters are backend-specific and cap at 10,000: start applies to arXiv and offset to Crossref, and neither has any effect on the OpenAlex path.
What is the Academic Papers API?
Academic Papers API is a ReefAPI endpoint group for search scholarly papers, authors, citations and abstracts. It returns live JSON through POST requests under /academic/v1.
Is the Academic Papers API free to try?
Yes. ReefAPI starts with 1,000 free credits, no card required. Academic Papers calls use the same shared credit balance as every other ReefAPI engine.
Do I need an Academic Papers login or account?
No login to Academic Papers is needed for the API response. You call ReefAPI with your x-api-key header, and the playground can run live examples before you create a production key.
How fresh is the Academic Papers data?
The page example is captured from a live search call, and production requests fetch live data through ReefAPI rather than a static sample.
How many credits does the Academic Papers API use?
Academic Papers actions currently cost 1-2 credits per successful call. Failed or blocked calls are free. All APIs draw from one credit pool.
Can I call Academic Papers from an AI assistant or MCP client?
Yes. Connect ReefAPI once through MCP and your assistant can call academic actions with the same key, credit pool and JSON envelope used by normal REST requests.